The effectiveness and capacity by which society manages its watershed resources is mediated by different factors, namely: economic considerations鈥攆inancial capital; technical and administrative capacity鈥攊ntellectual capital; social governance capacity鈥攕ocial and institutional capital; and legal framework鈥攑olitical capital. The levels within which these factors can be analyzed include the macro-level, that is, the national level; and the micro-level that operates at watershed management unit. There are three foci of inquiry with regards to attempts to adopt a watershed-based approach to water resources management. First, there is a need to look into the conditions that affect the linkages between watershed resource management and the sustainability of governance and production systems. Second, there is a need to analyze the manner governance mechanisms can be 鈥渄irected鈥� towards improving livelihood sustainability and the maintenance of watershed resources. Finally, there is a need to assess the processes in which governance and production mechanisms are transformed as forest-based communities within watershed areas are integrated further into mainstream market and political structures. Corollary to this is an evaluation of the implications of these transformations in scale to watershed management, particularly to managing the resource using the watershed approach.
Realities of a Watershed Management Approach in the Philippines: A Framework for Case Analysis
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