188体育

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This study assesses the diversity and inclusivity of Philippine export activities to the European Union (EU) amid the country’s status as a beneficiary of the Generalised Scheme of Preferences Plus (GSP+), a trade agreement that removes EU tariffs in exchange for the compliance of developing countries with international conventions. It used official statistics, documents, open-ended questionnaires, and email correspondence with key informants from the government to analyze the economic incentives that the country gains from the GSP+. It suggests that while some sectors benefited from the GSP+, the scheme’s impacts on Philippine exports to the EU are limited.